A GS1 US research study titled “Powering the Future of Retail” has revealed that 82% of retailers and 92% of brand owners support transitioning from the universal product code (U.P.C.) to a data-rich two-dimensional (2D) barcode (e.g., QR Code, GS1 DataMatrix), digital watermark and/or RFID in the next one to five years.
 
The study recognizes that an advanced data carrier is needed to evolve retail and provide consumers with detailed product information and transparency. Similarly, retail trading partners will benefit from robust supply chain data. The next-generation barcode(s) to be chosen by industry will embed more information on product packaging and continue to leverage the GS1 Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) standard – the number encoded in the U.P.C. that uniquely identifies a product at checkout.
 
Promising Data

The research also showed that while an estimated 68.5% of retailers use laser scanners incapable of reading a 2D barcode, 84% are evaluating or plan to migrate to advanced optical point-of-sale (POS) scanning technology. Also, 60% of tier 1 retailers ($1B+ revenue) are prioritizing updating their entire POS infrastructure in the next 18-24 months due to omni-channel commerce and mobile POS requirements.
 
“Consumer expectations for rich, quality information have risen since smartphones became essential shopping tools,” said Bob Carpenter, president and CEO, GS1 US. “Some retailers and brand owners have already begun addressing this need by implementing data-rich carrier solutions, often alongside the U.P.C., for fresh, prepared and packaged foods to provide consumer engagement via SmartLabel and to better manage supply chain efficiencies. Now is the time for all retail stakeholders to align on a limited number of data-rich carriers that give consumers information about the products they buy and additional data that can be leveraged by the supply chain. The research underscores the desire for standards across various data carriers that promote choice for industry and offer greater functionality beyond the basic price look-up function of the U.P.C.”
 
The multi-phased study was conducted in collaboration with VDC Research over the course of two years (2018-2019). It concluded that in addition to improving the consumer experience, other motivators for migrating to a data-rich barcode and upgrading POS systems include improved inventory accuracy; product authenticity (to minimize the spread of counterfeit goods); traceability and recall management; freshness and waste prevention (via expiration dates); and returns management.
 
Barriers to Change

While the research highlights the many benefits of migrating to a data-rich barcode, barriers to change were also cited, such as cost, disruption to products and packaging, a lack of capital investment and IT staff required for technical infrastructure changes (e.g., updating legacy backend systems).
 
It also revealed that readiness will vary based on industry priorities, ability to leverage the data and a company’s technology modernization plans. During the transition, brands and retailers will need a flexible architecture that supports dual barcoding, a practice already in use today for some products leveraging 2D carriers. Following the change, industry will determine if the U.P.C. barcode remains or if full migration to a sole, data-rich carrier is adopted. Provided GS1 Standards are used for the data structure in the 2D barcode, digital watermark and/or RFID and the U.P.C., products will continue to be accepted at POS during the transition period and beyond.
 
“Today’s U.P.C. does not carry the additional information required to support future supply chain and customer needs,” said Dave Bornmann, senior vice president grocery and fresh, Publix Super Markets. “Before adopting a new data carrier, further considerations will be necessary to evaluate the return on investment from upgrading scanning equipment, enhancing supporting systems and the additional labor needed to collect and verify data.”
 
As a neutral member organization, GS1 US will continue to collaborate with industry by facilitating trading partner discussions, developing guidance that supports the retail industry’s product identification needs and supporting a gradual change that considers the technology infrastructure upgrades required.
 
“This is complex, important work that the industry is undertaking. The magnitude of not only systems improvements but also change management requirements cannot be overstated,” said Mark Baum, chief collaboration officer, The Food Industry Association (FMI). “However, given the fundamental shifts in consumer behaviors and attitudes, we must work together to align the industry’s capabilities with what is needed to succeed in a rapidly changing marketplace.”